Horse-Shoeing as It Is and as It Should Be
Published in 1873, "Horse-Shoeing as It Is and as It Should Be", was written by William Douglas, Veterinary Surgeon in the British Army. This book provides a guide to trimming and shoeing, and argues for the use of machine-made horseshoes in the British Cavalry. Douglas had also made calculations on the workload of horses wearing shoes of different weights.
Author:
Language:
Pages:
W. Douglas
English
224
The only surviving members of the horse family (Equidae) belong to a single genus, Equus. There are seven species, two of which are domestic (the horse and donkey). The wild species, most of which are now endangered, comprise Przewalski's horse, the Asian and African wild asses, and the zebras. During the last 56 million years, however, there have been up to 12 different equid genera living at one time, often of quite varying appearance
MODERN EQUIDS
The surviving members of the genus Equus can be divided into two groups— the non-caballine zebras and asses, and the caballine horses (see opposite). All are grazers with one functional toe and high-crowned teeth that grow throughout life. Probably the best known of the non-caballine equids are the zebras. There are three species—Grevy’s, mountain, and plains—which are easily recognized by their black-and-white-striped coats. Grevy’s zebra is the largest and has the narrowest stripes. The smaller mountain zebra from southern Africa is unique in having a dewlap (fold of skin under the throat). The plains zebra has six subspecies or races, each with a different pattern of stripes, depending on where in Africa it comes from.
RELATIONSHIPS OF THE HORSE FAMILY
The horse and its relatives belong to the order Perissodactyla, which also includes the tapirs and rhinoceros. This branching diagram shows the relationships of the surviving equids (all members of the genus Equus). It is superimposed on a timeline to show the sequential subdivisions as the equid line diversified. Around 4 to 5 million years ago, they divided into two groups-the non¬caballine zebras and asses and the caballine horses. Caballine is derived from the Latin caballus, which means 'bf or from a horse." In evolutionary terms, some of the divisions are very recent.
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