Where is the stifle on a horse, and what does it do?

The stifle sits high in the hind limb between the femur and tibia. It helps the horse flex and extend the hind leg, generate propulsion, absorb shock, and maintain stability and coordination during movement.

Why is the equine stifle compared to the human knee?

The stifle performs a similar role to the human knee. It bends and straightens to support movement and relies on bones, cartilage, ligaments, and synovial lubrication to move smoothly.

What bones make up the stifle joint?

The stifle is formed by the femur, tibia, and the patella (kneecap). The patella is especially important for efficient hind-limb extension and joint stability.

What does it mean that the stifle is a joint complex?

The stifle includes more than one articulation working together. It consists of the femorotibial joint (femur with tibia) and the femoropatellar joint (patella gliding along the femur), which function together for smooth flexion and extension.

What are the menisci in the stifle, and why do they matter?

Menisci are cartilage-like pads inside the femorotibial joint that act as shock absorbers. They help distribute weight evenly and protect joint cartilage. Damage can lead to pain, swelling, and instability.

Which ligaments stabilize the horse’s stifle?

Key stabilizers include the collateral ligaments for side-to-side support, the cruciate ligaments to limit excessive forward or backward tibial motion, and three patellar ligaments that connect the patella to the tibia.

What is a locking stifle or upward fixation of the patella?

Upward fixation of the patella, often called a locking stifle, occurs when the kneecap temporarily becomes stuck in the locked position related to the stay apparatus. Owners may notice toe dragging or a brief inability to flex the limb until it releases.

What are early signs of stifle pain or injury in horses?

Common early signs include hind-limb stiffness, shortened stride, difficulty with canter leads, reluctance to jump, and swelling around the joint. Persistent lameness should be evaluated by a veterinarian, and imaging may be needed to identify soft tissue injury.

The Equine Stifle: Anatomy and Function

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