Hoof balance describes how the shape and alignment of the hoof work with the internal structures of the foot and lower limb during standing and movement. This evidence-based guide explains static and dynamic balance, center of pressure, mediolateral and toe-to-heel loading, breakover, trimming, footing, and why a balanced hoof cannot be defined by perfect symmetry or one universal formula.

Forging is often first noticed as a "clicking" sound when the horse moves. It occurs when the toe of a hind hoof strikes the underside or shoe of the forefoot. Learn how hoof proportions, conformation, lameness, rider balance, saddle fit, fatigue, footing, and neurological coordination can affect limb timing, how forging differs from overreaching, and when to involve a farrier or veterinarian.

Crossfiring is a specific gait fault that is often misunderstood. Many horse owners and trainers mistakenly label gait irregularities as "crossfiring", leading to confusion and sometimes incorrect training approaches. Learn how to recognize crossfiring with this article.

Learn the anatomy and function of the equine stifle, and its importance to soundness and performance

Hind limb lameness in horses is frequently attributed to the hock, stifle or back, but what are the symptoms and how do we determine which area is causing the lameness?

Learn everything there is to know about splint bones, from their anatomy to possible injuries and their symptoms.

Learn the biomechanical principles that govern hoof landing, impact forces, and breakover mechanics.

Does your horse stumble in lessons? Has your trainer told you to tell your farrier to “roll” or “rocker” the toes on your horse’s shoes? Does your horse still stumble? Can your farrier do anything to actually fix it? There are several reasons why a horse may stumble. Before attempting to mechanically “fix” the issue by making changes to your horse’s feet, you must identify the cause of the problem. The following is a comprehensive list of causes that should be considered befo